Chance or a clever clinical observation is at the origin of the discovery of new clinical entities. A cluster of opportunistic pulmonary infections in young people was associated with HIV infection. Diethylstilbestrol taken by women was related to vaginal cancer in their daughters. NUT Midline carcinoma (the name coming from the rearrangements of the gene NUT) has been defined as a new clinical entity after the observation of several cases with undifferentiated carcinoma located in the midline, from the nasopharyngeal area to the mediastinum…